Gingival squamous cell carcinoma mimicking a non-neoplastic proliferative lesion in an older patient.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in an elderly patient mimicking a non-neoplastic proliferative lesion. BACKGROUND: Oral SCC is a well-recognised malignancy of the oral cavity that may mimic benign reactive proliferative processes. METHODS: An excisional biopsy was performed, and the diagnosis was gingival SCC. CONCLUSION: It is essential that both the clinician and pathologist to be aware of such a presentation to allow for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Generalized hereditary gingival fibromatosis in a child: clinical, histopathological and therapeutic aspects

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare genetic condition characterized by slow and progressive gingival enlargement. The gingival overgrowth often delays teeth eruption and may cause serious functional and aesthetic problems. We reported a case of a 10-year-old female child presenting a generalized gingival enlargement covering almost all the maxillary and mandibular teeth and resulted in problems for swallowing, speaking, and poor aesthetics. An incisional biopsy was performed and revealed a hypocellular and hypovascular dense collagenous tissue covered by squamous epithelium exhibiting acanthosis and elongated rete ridges. The diagnosis was HGF. The treatment instituted was an association of gingivectomy with a rigorous program of oral hygiene and follow-up. Herein, we describe a rare non-syndromic case of generalized HGF, including clinical and microscopical features, as well as highlighting the importance of correct diagnosis of this genetic condition.

Generalized hereditary gingival fibromatosis in a child: clinical, histopathological and therapeutic aspects.

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare genetic condition characterized by slow and progressive gingival enlargement. The gingival overgrowth often delays teeth eruption and may cause serious functional and aesthetic problems. We reported a case of a 10-year-old female child presenting a generalized gingival enlargement covering almost all the maxillary and mandibular teeth and resulted in problems for swallowing, speaking, and poor aesthetics. An incisional biopsy was performed and revealed a hypocellular and hypovascular dense collagenous tissue covered by squamous epithelium exhibiting acanthosis and elongated rete ridges. The diagnosis was HGF. The treatment instituted was an association of gingivectomy with a rigorous program of oral hygiene and follow-up. Herein, we describe a rare non-syndromic case of generalized HGF, including clinical and microscopical features, as well as highlighting the importance of correct diagnosis of this genetic condition.

Diagnosis, management, and follow-up of extensive dermoid cyst of the submental region

Dermoid cyst (DC) is a cystic lesion of developmental origin and uncertain etiology that rarely affects the floor of the mouth. We report a case of a large lesion found in the submental and submandibular region in a 25-year-old male patient. Computed tomography revealed extensive hypodense lesion in the submental and submandibular space without peripheral enhancement. The microscopical analysis showed a cystic cavity lined by orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The cystic capsule was composed of dense fibrous connective tissue containing cutaneous attachments, such as sebaceous and sweat glands. The diagnosis of DC was made. The differential diagnosis of expansive sublingual lesions can be clinically challenging due to the similarity with several lesions frequently observed in this region. Herein, we describe a case of extensive DC arising in the floor of the mouth, presenting clinical, imaging, and microscopical features.

Diagnosis, management, and follow-up of extensive dermoid cyst of the submental region.

Dermoid cyst (DC) is a cystic lesion of developmental origin and uncertain etiology that rarely affects the floor of the mouth. We report a case of a large lesion found in the submental and submandibular region in a 25-year-old male patient. Computed tomography revealed extensive hypodense lesion in the submental and submandibular space without peripheral enhancement. The microscopical analysis showed a cystic cavity lined by orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The cystic capsule was composed of dense fibrous connective tissue containing cutaneous attachments, such as sebaceous and sweat glands. The diagnosis of DC was made. The differential diagnosis of expansive sublingual lesions can be clinically challenging due to the similarity with several lesions frequently observed in this region. Herein, we describe a case of extensive DC arising in the floor of the mouth, presenting clinical, imaging, and microscopical features.

Autogenous Bone Graft Versus Bovine Bone Graft in Association With Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Reconstruction of Alveolar Clefts: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of 2 different bone graft materials: autogenous bone grafts from mandibular symphysis and bovine bone grafts associated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). METHODS: Twenty individuals met the inclusion criteria and accepted to participate in the study. Group A patients underwent alveolar bone grafting using autologous bone and group B patients using a bovine bone graft associated with PRP. Cone beam computed tomography scans were taken and reconstructed 3-dimensionally for all patients preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. RESULTS: A significant reduction was detected for area and volume within group A and group B. Between groups, no significant difference was found for area or volume. CONCLUSIONS: Bovine grafts associated with PRP are a good option for the reconstruction of alveolar clefts and provide good results such as autologous bone grafts.

Tooth Abnormalities In Individuals With Unilateral Alveolar Clefts: A Comparison Between Sides Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

BACKGROUND: Tooth abnormalities are most often present in individuals with oral clefts than general population, and lead to a long-term impact on facial anatomy and self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to compare the proportion of dental anomalies between the cleft side and non-cleft side in individuals with non-syndromic unilateral alveolar clefts (AC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were converted into three-dimensional (3D) virtual models. The dental anomalies considered were: tooth agenesis; supernumerary teeth; giroversion; and microdontia. Statistical analysis was performed using the McNemar's test and Fisher's exact test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were not found either between the prevalence of individuals with dental abnormalities on the non-cleft side and the sides of the AC (p = 1.00), or sex (p = 0.36). Tooth agenesis was the most prevalent dental anomaly (55.6%). On the cleft side the lateral incisor was tooth most involved by dental anomalies; and the second premolar was the most affected on the non-cleft side. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a high frequency of dental anomalies in the cleft individuals and indicated that the side of AC and sex do not interfere in the proportion of dental anomalies on non-cleft side. Key words:Cone beam computed tomography, Hypodontia, Tooth abnormalities.

Quantificação volumétrica de fenda alveolar em pacientes fissurados / Volumetric Measurement of Alveolar Cleft

Objetivos: O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a fenda alveolar de indivíduos portadores de fissura labiopalatal, além de mensurar as suas dimensões volumétricas, descrever a topografia do defeito e avaliar o suporte ósseo periodontal dos dentes adjacentes à fenda. Metodologia: 16 pacientes entre 11 e 30 anos de idade foram selecionados para avaliação volumétrica da fenda alveolar. Todas as mensurações foram realizadas da junção cemento-esmalte à estrutura óssea local. A espessura do corte das imagens da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico foi de 0.25mm. O delineamento do defeito foi feito por um único operador. Resultados: O volume médio das fendas foi de 1,13cm3±0,35cm3. Não houve relevância estatística entre o volume da fenda e a idade dos pacientes, tampouco entre o volume da fenda e a presença/ausência do incisivo lateral. Conclusão: Através da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico e suas reconstruções em 3D, é possível visualizar toda a extensão e profundidade da fenda, facilitando o planejamento cirúrgico de enxerto ósseo.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the alveolar cleft in individuals with cleft lip and palate,and measure its volumetric dimensions, describe the topography of the defect and assess periodontal bone support of teeth adjacent to the cleft. Methods: 16 patients between 11 and 30 years old were selected for volumetric evaluation of alveolar cleft. All measurements were made of cement-enamel junction to the bone structure location. The slice thickness of the images of cone beam computed tomography was 0.25mm. The delineation of the defect was done by a single operator. Results: The mean volume of the clefts was 1.13 cm3 ± 0.35 cm3. There were no statistical significance between the volume of the cleft and the ages of the patients, nor between the volume of the cleft and the presence/absence of the lateral incisor. Conclusion: Through the cone beam computed tomography and its 3D reconstructions is possible to visualize the entire length and depth of the cleft, facilitating surgical planning of bone transplantation.

Cisto paradentário: relato de caso clínico / Paradental cyst: report of clinical case

O diagnóstico do cisto paradentário necessita, mais do que nunca, da associação dos achados clínicos, radiográficos e histológicos devido a suas características semelhantes com diversos parâmetros de outras patologias. Erros de diagnóstico e, consequentemente, de tratametno poderiam ser evitados se todo folículo dental fosse encaminhado para exame histopatológico juntamente com os achados clínicos e radiográficos. No presente artigo, é relatado um caso de cisto paradentário, bem como foram discutidos os aspectos clínicos, imaginológicos, histológicos, diagnóstico diferencial e tratamento.